@Article{CarmoPiDeFiVePi:2022:PaDaSt,
               author = "Carmo, Carolina de Sousa and Pi, X. and Denardini, Clezio Marcos 
                         and Figueiredo, Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros and 
                         Verkhoglyadova, O. P. and Pican{\c{c}}o, Giorgio Arlan da Silva",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {California 
                         Institute of Technology} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {California Institute of Technology} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Observed at Dawn and After Sunrise Over 
                         South America During the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "127",
               number = "10",
                pages = "e2021JA029934",
                month = "Oct.",
             keywords = "ionospheric scintillation, ionospheric irregularity, equatorial 
                         plasma bubble.",
             abstract = "This paper presents an analysis of Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB) 
                         events that occurred during pre- and post-sunrise hours in the 
                         South America sector on 18 March 2015, when the St. Patrick's Day 
                         geomagnetic storm was in the recovery phase. The data from a set 
                         of multi-diagnostic instruments, including Global Navigation 
                         Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers, L-band GNSS ionospheric 
                         scintillation monitors, ionosondes, and a Fabry-Perot 
                         interferometer, are analyzed. Strong L-band amplitude 
                         scintillation was observed with spread-F and total electron 
                         content (TEC) fluctuations at times when the electron density and 
                         tTEC were minimum with respect to their diurnal variations. The 
                         EPBs remained observed for about 3:30 hr after sunrise on the east 
                         coast of the South American continent. The daytime ionospheric 
                         irregularities show a longitudinal dependency between the west and 
                         east coasts, separated by about 3,600 km. Our analysis of the 
                         observations suggests that a Disturbance Dynamo Electric Field 
                         effect caused by storm-time wind perturbations might have 
                         triggered the Rayleigh-Taylor instability near local dawn on the 
                         east and west coasts of the South American continent. The effects 
                         of ambient ionosphere-thermosphere conditions on the evolution of 
                         irregularities are assessed to understand the longitudinal 
                         differences. The assessment includes the effect of the E region 
                         that appears in the morning hours and the effects of geomagnetic 
                         declination and tilting the solar-terminator.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2021JA029934",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029934",
                 issn = "2169-9402",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "JGR Space Physics - 2022 - Carmo - Equatorial Plasma Bubbles 
                         Observed at Dawn and After Sunrise Over South America During.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}